A look at Judge Amy Coney Barrett바카라 게임 웹사이트s notable opinions, votes
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Judge Amy Coney Barrett, President Donald Trump바카라 게임 웹사이트s nominee for the Supreme Court, has written roughly 100 opinions in more than three years on the 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.
Her opinions include cases on guns, sexual assault on campus, immigration and employment discrimination. She also has signed onto several opinions, including two dealing with abortion, that are sure to be questioned in this week바카라 게임 웹사이트s confirmation hearing.
Here are summaries of some of her notable opinions.
Abortion
Barrett has twice joined dissenting opinions asking for decisions blocking laws enacted by abortion opponents to be thrown out and reheard by the full appeals court.
Last year, after a three-judge panel blocked an Indiana law that would make it harder for a minor to have an abortion without her parents being notified, Barrett voted to have the case reheard by the full court.
In July, the Supreme Court threw out the panel's ruling and ordered a new look at the case.
In 2018, a three-judge panel ruled that Indiana laws requiring that funerals be held for fetal remains after an abortion or miscarriage and banning abortions because of the sex, race or developmental disability of a fetus were unconstitutional.
Barrett was among four judges who wanted the full court to weigh in and suggested that the laws, signed by then-Gov. Mike Pence, might be constitutional.
Supreme Court abortion decisions "hold that, until a fetus is viable, a woman is entitled to decide whether to bear a child. But there is a difference between 바카라 게임 웹사이트I don바카라 게임 웹사이트t want a child바카라 게임 웹사이트 and 바카라 게임 웹사이트I want a child, but only a male' or 바카라 게임 웹사이트I want only children whose genes predict success in life,바카라 게임 웹사이트바카라 게임 웹사이트 Judge Frank Easterbrook wrote for the dissenting judges.
Barrett also joined the part of the opinion on the fetal remains law.
"Many states have laws that prescribe how animals바카라 게임 웹사이트 remains must be handled,바카라 게임 웹사이트 Judge Frank Easterbrook wrote for the dissenters. 바카라 게임 웹사이트The panel has held invalid a statute that would be sustained had it concerned the remains of cats or gerbils.바카라 게임 웹사이트
Last year, the Supreme Court reinstated the fetal remains law, but not the ban on abortions for race, sex and developmental disabilities.
Guns
In a dissent in the 2019 gun-rights case of Kanter v. Barr, Barrett argued that a conviction for a nonviolent felony 바카라 게임 웹사이트 in this case, mail fraud 바카라 게임 웹사이트 shouldn바카라 게임 웹사이트t automatically disqualify someone from owning a gun.
The two judges in the majority agreed with Trump administration arguments that the defendant, Rickey Kanter, could not own a gun under federal or Wisconsin law because of his criminal conviction.
Barrett used most of her 37-page dissent to lay out the history of gun rules for convicted criminals in the 18th and 19th centuries, consistent with her embrace of interpreting laws and the Constitution according to the meaning they had when they were adopted.
Barrett wrote that 바카라 게임 웹사이트while both Wisconsin and the United States have an unquestionably strong interest in protecting the public from gun violence, they have failed to show, by either logic or data that disarming Kanter substantially advances that interest."
She said that her colleagues were treating the Second Amendment as a 바카라 게임 웹사이트second-class right, subject to an entirely different body of rules than the other Bill of Rights guarantees." Barrett quoted from a 2010 opinion by Justice Samuel Alito that extended gun rights, but the phrase also has been used more recently by Justice Clarence Thomas and other conservatives to complain that the Supreme Court has shied away from recognizing gun rights.
Related video: Ad Watch: Does Joe Biden oppose gun rights?
Voting rights
In the same opinion on gun rights, Barrett dipped into constitutional history to note that states did more to protect the rights of people to own guns than their right to vote. In some states, people who were convicted of crimes lost the right to vote, but not the right to legally have a gun, she wrote.
바카라 게임 웹사이트And as a right that was exercised for the benefit of the community (like voting and jury service), rather than for the benefit of the individual (like free speech or free exercise), it belonged only to virtuous citizens,바카라 게임 웹사이트 Barrett wrote.
The right to keep and bear arms conveyed by the Second Amendment, by contrast, protects 바카라 게임 웹사이트an individual's right to protect himself 바카라 게임 웹사이트 not in his right to serve in a well-regulated militia,바카라 게임 웹사이트 Barrett wrote, citing Justice Antonin Scalia's 2008 opinion for the court in a major gun rights case.
Race discrimination in the workplace
Barrett wrote for a unanimous three-judge panel in 2019 that upheld the dismissal of a workplace discrimination lawsuit by Terry Smith, a Black Illinois transportation employee who sued after he was fired. Smith's claims included that he was called a racial slur by supervisor Lloyd Colbert.
바카라 게임 웹사이트The n-word is an egregious racial epithet,바카라 게임 웹사이트 Barrett wrote in Smith v. Illinois Department of Transportation. 바카라 게임 웹사이트That said, Smith can바카라 게임 웹사이트t win simply by proving that the word was uttered. He must also demonstrate that Colbert바카라 게임 웹사이트s use of this word altered the conditions of his employment and created a hostile or abusive working environment.바카라 게임 웹사이트
Barrett went on to say that Smith 바카라 게임 웹사이트introduced no evidence that Colbert바카라 게임 웹사이트s use of the n-word changed his subjective experience of the workplace. To be sure, Smith testified that his time at the Department caused him psychological distress. But that was for reasons that predated his run-in with Colbert and had nothing to do with his race. His tenure at the Department was rocky from the outset because of his poor track record.바카라 게임 웹사이트
A possible colleague of Barrett's took a different view on racial slurs in 2013. Justice Brett Kavanaugh, then serving as a federal appeals court judge in Washington, D.C, said one utterance was enough.
바카라 게임 웹사이트But, in my view, being called the n-word by a supervisor ... suffices by itself to establish a racially hostile work environment. That epithet has been labeled, variously, a term that 바카라 게임 웹사이트sums up ... all the bitter years of insult and struggle in America,바카라 게임 웹사이트 바카라 게임 웹사이트pure anathema to African-Americans,바카라 게임 웹사이트 and 바카라 게임 웹사이트probably the most offensive word in English,' 바카라 게임 웹사이트 Kavanaugh wrote. 바카라 게임 웹사이트No other word in the English language so powerfully or instantly calls to mind our country바카라 게임 웹사이트s long and brutal struggle to overcome racism and discrimination against African-Americans. In short, the case law demonstrates that a single, sufficiently severe incident may create a hostile work environment actionable바카라 게임 웹사이트 under federal anti-discrimination laws.
Campus sexual assault
Barrett wrote a unanimous three-judge panel decision in 2019 making it easier for men alleged to have committed sexual assaults on campus to challenge the proceedings against them.
The case involved allegations by a female student at Purdue University that her boyfriend had sexually assaulted her. The students were identified in court documents as John and Jane Doe.
John Doe sued in federal court, claiming sex discrimination after Purdue suspended him for a year and took away his Navy ROTC scholarship. Barrett concluded Purdue's process was unfair and allowed his lawsuit to continue.
"The case against him boiled down to a 바카라 게임 웹사이트he said/she said' 바카라 게임 웹사이트 Purdue had to decide whether to believe John or Jane," Barrett wrote.
The judge criticized the university official who ended up siding with the female student.
바카라 게임 웹사이트Her basis for believing Jane is perplexing, given that she never talked to Jane. Indeed, Jane did not even submit a statement in her own words,바카라 게임 웹사이트 Barrett wrote.
Immigration
Barrett was in dissent in June when her two colleagues on a 7th Circuit panel put on hold, just in Chicago, the Trump administration policy that could jeopardize permanent resident status for immigrants who use food stamps, Medicaid and housing vouchers.
Under the new policy, immigration officials can deny green cards to legal immigrants over their use of public benefits.
She wrote that existing immigration law and a Clinton-era welfare overhaul had already limited public assistance to noncitizens. The administration was just using leeway those laws had given it, Barrett wrote. The objections of immigrants and their advocates 바카라 게임 웹사이트reflect disagreement with this policy choice and even the statutory exclusion itself. Litigation is not the vehicle for resolving policy disputes,바카라 게임 웹사이트 she wrote.
Access to a lawyer
Barrett dissented in the case of a Wisconsin man who admitted that he fatally shot his wife seven times but argued that he had been provoked, making his crime second-degree homicide instead of first-degree homicide, which carries a higher penalty.
A federal judge reviewed the provoking claim in a pretrial hearing without prosecutors present and without allowing the lawyer of defendant Scott Schmidt to speak. The judge rejected Schmidt바카라 게임 웹사이트s claim of provocation, and he was convicted of first-degree homicide and sentenced to life in prison. However, a 7th Circuit panel overturned that decision, saying that Schmidt had been denied his Sixth Amendment right to counsel.
Barrett, in her dissent, disagreed that the pretrial hearing where the judge questioned Schmidt about his provocation claim was a situation that required Schmidt바카라 게임 웹사이트s lawyer and said the Supreme Court has never extended the right to counsel outside an adversarial proceeding.
The Supreme Court바카라 게임 웹사이트s 바카라 게임 웹사이트 'critical stage' precedent deals exclusively with adversarial confrontations between the defendant and an agent of the state,바카라 게임 웹사이트 she said.
She added: 바카라 게임 웹사이트Perhaps the right to counsel should extend to a hearing like the one the judge conducted in Schmidt바카라 게임 웹사이트s case. But (federal law) precludes us from disturbing a state court바카라 게임 웹사이트s judgment on the ground that a state court decided an open question differently than we would 바카라 게임 웹사이트 or, for that matter, differently than we think the (Supreme) Court would.바카라 게임 웹사이트